CINCO REACTIONS!

Synthesis: Synthesis is adding two elements together to equal one new element. C+D=CD

Decomposition: The opposite of synthesis. Break down the elements to separate the compound element. CD=C+D

Single-Replacement: A metal replaces a metal, and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal. F+GH turns into FH+G.

Double-Replacement: The same rules follow as single-replacement. RD+MC turns into RC+MD

Combustion: all substances in a compound are combined with oxygen, combustion means burning. Heat is easily produced, but can be easily distinguished. CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

http://library.thinkquest.org/2923/react.html

Reactions

Synthesis: Synthesis is adding two elements together to equal one new element. C+D=CD

Decomposition: The opposite of synthesis. Break down the elements to separate the compound element. CD=C+D

Single-Replacement: A metal replaces a metal, and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal. F+GH turns into FH+G.

Double-Replacement: The same rules follow as single-replacement. RD+MC turns into RC+MD

Combustion: all substances in a compound are combined with oxygen, combustion means burning. Heat is easily produced, but can be easily distinguished. C_xH_y + O₂ --> CO₂ + H₂O

http://library.thinkquest.org/2923/react.html

Defenitions

Synthesis : is a reaction in which two or more substances mix to give a new compound .
Decomposition : separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance .
Single-Replacement : a type of oxidation-reduction chemical reaction when an element or iron moves out of one compound and into another .
Double-Replacement : a chemical reaction between two compounds where the positive ion of one compound is exchanged with the positive ion of another compound .
Combustion : chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant mixed by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in light or a flame .

The Chemistry Magic Show ,

           The experiments today went as good as they should have. All the scientists started of in a line in the back of the stage. Whenever it was the time for each experiment the scientist would go up , and perform it. We had two different experiments and one was performed with the lights on and one was performed with the lights off. For the Halloween Reaction, the lights were on so everyone could see the transformation. It was time for the experiment and Brittney nervously approached the table. She was worried the chemicals we mixed would not work, and it came out black just as it should have. The reaction happened fast so that proves that we used a smaller volume of solution B. For the glow juice, the lights were on for a moment so Brittney and Felicia could carefully mix the solutions, but after they were quickly mixed, the lights were turned off. Felicia had to stand on a chair so she could pour the chemicals in a tube that swirled around a small pole. She hesitantly did and there was a glow, but it wasn't bright. It glowed all down the tube, until it got to the bottom. The magic show came out better than we thought.



The black Liquid is the outcome of the halloween rxn.

Brittney and Felica Preparing the Glow Juice.

Glow Juice .

luminol
3 percent hydrogen peroxide.
2 large mixing bowls .
distilled water
sodium carbonate
copper sulfate pentahydrate


OK, first step: Take half the water—one liter—and add to it the hydrogen peroxide. We're just diluting the peroxide, basically. Set this bowl aside for later.

Now, in the other bowl, dump the rest of the water and 4 grams of sodium carbonate, which helps all the other chemicals mix together better.

Add to the sodium carbonate mixture 0.4 grams of copper sulfate pentahydrate. It’s going to help light up the luminol, which is looking to steal electrons from metals—in this case, the copper in the copper sulfate . Luminol can only dissolve in highly alkaline solutions—11.8 pH.

And now we carefully add 0.2 grams of luminol to the sodium carbonate/copper solution. And here we are with a fully prepped solution, just waiting to glow.

Now let's return to the diluted hydrogen peroxide and add it to the luminol solution. The hydrogen peroxide replaces two of luminol’s nitrogen atoms with oxygen, producing a bunch of electrons so excited that they kick out a blast of photons. That’s the glow in our glowstick!


ps .... dont drink it !


The glow juice was not very hard to prepare. We just had to get two bowl for 2 different solutions. In bowl one we had water and hydrogen peroxide. In bowl two we had  4 grams of sodium carbonate and 0.4 grams of copper sulfate pentahydrate. while demonstrating it , we will have to mix the 2 solutions and put it into one beaker, and mix the third solution we cam up with , with luminol to make it glow.

Halloween Reaction

The Old Nassau or Halloween reaction is a clock reaction in which the color of a chemical solution changes from orange to black. Here's how you can do this reaction as a chemistry demonstration and a look at the chemical reactions that are involved.

-Halloween Reaction Materials:

• water
• soluble starch
• sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5)
• mercury(II) chloride
• potassium iodate (KIO3) Prepare the Solutions

-Solution A: Mix 4 g soluble starch in a couple milliliters of water. Stir the starch paste into 500 ml boiling water. Allow the mixture to cool to room temperature. Add 13.7 g of sodium metabisulphite. Add water to make 1 liter of solution.

-Solution B: Dissolve 3 g mercury(II) chloride in water. Add water to make 1 liter of solution.
-Solution C: Dissolve 15 g potassium iodate in water. Add water to make 1 liter of solution.

Perform the Demonstration:
Mix 50 ml solution A with 50 ml of solution B.
Pour this mixture into 50 ml of solution C. The color of the mixture will change to an opaque orange color after a few seconds as the mercury iodide precipitates. After another few seconds the mixture will turn blue-black as the starch-iodine complex forms.
If you dilute the solutions by a factor of two then it takes longer for the color changes to occur. If you use a smaller volume of solution B the reaction will proceed more rapidly.
Chemical Reactions:
Sodium metabisulfite and water react to form sodium hydrogen sulfite:Na2S2O5 + H2O --> 2 NaHSO3
Iodate(V) ions are reduced to iodide ions by the hydrogen sulfite ions:IO3- + 3 HSO3- --> I- + 3 SO42- + 3 H+
When the concentration of iodide ions becomes sufficent for the solubility product of the HgI2 to exceed 4.5 x 10-29 mol3 dm-9, then orange mercury(II) iodide precipitates until the Hg2+ ions are consumed (assuming an excess of I- ions):Hg2+ + 2 I- --> HgI2 (orange or yellow)
If I- and IO3- ions remain, then an iodide-iodate reaction takes place:IO3- + 5 I- + 6 H+ --> 3 I2 + 3 H2O
The resulting statch-iodine complex is black to blue-black:I2 + starch --> a blue/black complex

For the Halloween reaction the materials that we need are water, mercury chloride, soluble starch, potassium iodite and sodium metabisulphite. We start off lining up three different beakers for each of the solutions. In Solution A, we mix 4grams of starch in 2 milliliters of water until it's a paste. Then we pour the paste into 500 milliliters of boiling water. As it cools down to to room temperature, we add 13.7 grams of sodium metabisuphite; we add water to make 1 liter of the solution. In solution B, we just dissolve 3 g mercury(II) chloride in water then  add water to make 1 liter of solution. Then for solution C, we dissolve 15 g potassium iodate in water and add water to make 1 liter of solution. In order to perform the experiment, we mis 50 milliliters of each solution together and watch as it change into an orange color as the mercury iodide precipitates. After another few seconds the solution will turn into a black as the starch-iodine comples forms. The speed reaction depends on how much of the solutions we put in. If we use a smaller volume of solution B the reaction will happen faster, but if we dilute the solutions then the solutions by a factor of two then it takes longer for the color changes to occur.

While making the solutions , we need to take serious precautions. We should really be careful with the mercury. When it is powder it isn't as serious as it is as a liquid. Mercury is not to be poured down the drian or else it will cause the water to be poisonous. While handling the mercury goggles need to be worn, not just for handling the mercury, but any lab. There is not eating or drinking of any kind NEAR the labs.
 
the solutions before the experiment.